Literatur

Abott, 66

An Introduction to the Method of Characteristics, American Elsevier, New York, 1966.

Amber, 93

Radiance 1 Smart Infrared Camera System, Manual, Amber Engineering, Goleta, CA, 1993.

Apel, 87

Principles of Ocean Physics, Apel, J. R., International Geophysics Series, Vol. 38, Academic Press Inc., San Diego, Ca, 1987.

Asher, Pankow, 91

Asher, W. E., J. F. Pankow, Prediction of Gas/Water Mass Transport Coefficients by a Surface Renewal Model, Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 25, No. 7, pp. 1294-1300, 1991.

Back, McCready, 88

Back, D. D., M. J. McCready, Theoretical Study of Interfacial Transport in Gas-Liquid FLows, AIChE Journal, Vol. 34, No. 11, pp. 1789-1802, 1988.

Bergmann, Schäfer, 74

Hahn, D., Lehrbuch der Experimentalphysik, Band III Optik, W. De Gruyter, 6. Auflage, 1974.

Bock et al., 95

Bock, E. J., J. B. Edson, N. M. Frew, A. Karachintsev, W. R. McGillis, R. K. Nelson, K. Hansen, T. Hara, M. Uz, B. Jähne, J. Dieter, J. Klinke und H. Hau\3ecker, Description of the Science Plan for the April 1995 CoOP Experiment, `Gas Transfer in Coastal Waters´ Performed from the Research Vessel New Horizon, in Air-Water Gas Transfer - Selected Papers from the Third International Symposium of Air-Water Gas Transfer, Heidelberg, ed. by B. Jähne and E. Monahan Aeon Verlag Hanau, 1995.

Bösinger, 86

Bösinger, R., Messungen zur Schmidtzahlabhängigkeit des Gasaustausches, Diplomarbeit, Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, 1986.

Broecker et al.,78

Broecker, H. C., Petermann, J., und Siems, W., The Influence of Wind on CO-Exchange in a Wind-Wave Tunnel, Including the Effects of Monolayers, J. Marine Res., 36, pp. 595-610, 1978.

Broecker et al.,85

Broecker, W. S., T.-H. Peng, G. Östlund, and M. Stuiver, The Distribution of Bomb Radiocarbon in the Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 6953-6970, 1985.

Broecker et al.,86

Broecker, W. S., J. R. Ledwell, T. Takahashi, L. M. R. Weiss, L. Memery, T.-H. Peng, B. Jähne, and K. O. Münnich, Isotopic Versus Micrometeorologic Ocean CO Fluxes: A Serious Conflict, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 10517-10527, 1986.

Buschmann et al., 61

Buschmann, A. J. et al., Configuration Faktors for Exchange of Radiant Energy Between Axisymmetrical Sections of Cylinders, Cones, Hemispheres and Their Bases, National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA - Technical Notes D-944, 1961.

Carlslaw, Jaeger, 59

Carlslaw, H. S., J. C. Jaeger, Conduction of Heat in Solids, Oxford University Press, New York, 2nd Edition, 1959.

Cember, 89

Cember, R., Bomb Radiocarbon in the Red Sea: A Medium-Scale Gas Exchange Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 2111-2123, 1989.

Clark et al., 95

Clark, J. F., P. Schlosser, H. J. Simpson, M. Stute, R. Wanninkhof und D. T. Ho, Relationship between Gas Transfer Velocities and Wind Speeds in the Tidal Hudson River Determined by the Dual Tracer Technique, in Air-Water Gas Transfer - Selected Papers from the Third International Symposium of Air-Water Gas Transfer, Heidelberg, ed. by B. Jähne and E. Monahan Aeon Verlag Hanau, 1995.

Coantic, 78

Coantic, M., Coupled Energy Transfer and Transformation Mechanisms Across the Ocean-Atmosphere Interface, IMST contribution N. 130, Laboratoire Assoc. an C.N.R.S, unpublished, 1978.

Courant et al., 28

Courant, R., K. O. Friedrichs, H. Lewy, Über die Partiellen Differenzengleichungen der Mathematischen Physik, Mathematische Annalen, 100, pp.32-74, 1928.

Cranck, 93

Cranck, J., The Mathematics of Diffusion, Oxford University Press, New York, 1993.

Dankwerts, 51

Dankwerts, P.V., Significance of liquid-film coefficients in gas absorption, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 43, pp. 1460-1467, 1951.

Dankwerts, 70

Dankwerts, P.V., Gas-Liquid Reactions, McGraw-Hill Books, 1970.

Deacon, 77

Deacon, E.L. Gas Transfer to and Across an Air-Water Interface, Tellus, 29, pp. 363-374, 1977.

Dieter et al., 95

Dieter, J., Hering, F., Bremeyer, R., Jähne, B. Measurements of Velocity Profiles in the Aqueous Boundary Layer at a Wind-Driven Water Surface, Air-Water Gas Transfer--Selected Papers from the Third International Symposium of Air-Water Gas Transfer, Heidelberg, B. Jähne und E. Monahan (Hrsg.), Aeon Verlag Hanau, 1995.

DIN 5496

Normblatt DIN 5496, Temperaturstrahlung, Beuth-Vertrieb GmbH, Berlin, Köln, Frankfurt, Juli 1971.

Downing, Williams, 75

Downing, H. D., D. Williams, Optical Constants of Water in the Infrared, JGR, Vol. 80, No. 12, pp. 1656-1661, 1975.

Edson, Bock, McGillis, 96

, Edson, J. B., E. J. Bock, W. R. McGillis, personal communication, 1996.

Emerson et al., 91

Emerson, S., P. Quay, C. Stump, D. Wilbur, and M. Knox, O, Ar, N, and Rn in Surface Waters of the Subarctic Ocean: Net Biological Production, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 5, 49-69, 1991.

Fachat, 95

Fachat, A., Untersuchung eines 3-D Aufnahmeverfahrens für Strömungsvorgänge an der Wasseroberfläche, Diplomarbeit, Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, 1995

Friedman, 69

Friedman, D., Infrared Characteristics of Ocean Water, Applied Optics, Vol. 8, No. 10, pp. 2073-2076, 1969.

Gerthsen et al., 86

Gertshen, C., H. O. Kneser, H. Vogel, Physik, 15. Aufl., Springer, Berlin, ... , 1996.

Gaussorgues, 94

Gaussorgues, G., Infrared Thermography, Microwave Technology Series 5, Chapman & Hall, London, 1994.

Glover, Reeburgh, 87

Glover, D. M., and W. S. Reeburgh, Radon-222 and radium-226 in southeastern Bering Sea shelf waters and sediment, Cont. Shelf Res., 5, 433-456, 1987.

Gradshteyn, Ryzhik, 80

Gradshteyn, I. S., I. M. Ryzhik, Table of Integrals, Series and Products, Academic Press Inc., Orlando, Fl, 1980.

Grassl, 76

Grassl, H., The Dependence of the Measured Cool Skin of the Ocean on Wind Stress and Total Heat Flux, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 10, pp. 465-474, 1976.

Gulliver, 90

Gulliver J. S., Introduction to Air-Water Mass Transfer, in Proc. Second International Symposium of Air-Water Gas Transfer, Minneapolis, Minnesota, September 11-14, 1990, ed. by S. C. Wilhelms and J. S. Gulliver, 1990.

Hasse, 63

Hasse, L., On the Cooling of the Sea Surface by Evaporation and Heat Exchange, Tellus, 4, pp. 363-366, 1963.

Hau\3ecker, 93

Hau\3ecker, H., Mehrgitter-Bewegungssegmentierung in Bildfolgen mit Anwendung zur Detektion von Sedimentverlagerungen, Diplomarbeit, Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, 1993.

Hau\3ecker, Jähne, 94

Hau\3ecker, H., B. Jähne, In Situ Measurements of the Air-Sea Gas Transfer Rate Using Heat as a Proxy Tracer, Second International Conference on Air-Sea Interaction and Meteorology and on Oceanography of the Coastal Zone, Lisbon, September 22-27, 1994, Lisbon, Portugal, 1994.

Hau\3ecker, Jähne, 95a

Hau\3ecker, H., B. Jähne, In situ Measurements of the Air-Sea Gas Transfer Rate During the MBL/CoOP West Coast Experiment, in Air-Water Gas Transfer - Selected Papers from the Third International Symposium of Air-Water Gas Transfer, Heidelberg, ed. by B. Jähne and E. Monahan Aeon Verlag Hanau, 1995.

Hau\3ecker et al., 95a

Hau\3ecker, H., S. Reinelt und B. Jähne, Heat as a Proxy Tracer for Gas Exchange Measurements in the Field: Principles and Technical Realization, in Air-Water Gas Transfer - Selected Papers from the Third International Symposium of Air-Water Gas Transfer, Heidelberg, ed. by B. Jähne and E. Monahan Aeon Verlag Hanau, 1995.

Hau\3ecker et al., 95b

Hau\3ecker, H., R. Shear, W. K. Melville, B. Jähne, Horizontal and Vertical Spatial Structures of Turbulence Beneath Short Wind Waves, presented at The XXI General Assembly of the International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans, IAPSO, Honolulu, Hawaii, August 5-12, 1995.

Hau\3ecker et al., 95c

Hau\3ecker, M. Beyer, B. Jähne, Interaction of Short Wind Waves and Turbulent Shear Flow as Revealed by Simultaneous Wave Slope and Surface Turbulence Visualization, presented at The XXI General Assembly of the International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans, IAPSO, Honolulu, Hawaii, August 5-12, 1995.

Hau\3ecker, Jähne, 95b

Hau\3ecker, H., B. Jähne, Effiziente Filterverfahren auf Mehrgitter-Datenstrukturen, Bildverarbeitung 95': Forschen, Entwickeln, Anwenden, Symposium, 29. Nov. -01. Dez. 1995, Technische Akademie Esslingen, R. J. Ahlers, Hrsg., 1995.

Hecht, 77

Hecht E., A. Zajac, Optics, second printing, Addison-Wesley, 1977.

Hering, 96

Hering, F., Lagrangesche Untersuchungen des Strömungsfeldes unterhalb der wellenbewegten Wasseroberfläche mittels Bildfolgenanalyse, Dissertation, Institut für Umweltphysik, 1996.

Heurisko

Heurisko, Digital Image Processing, User Manual, Vers. 2.0, Aeon Verlag & Studio, Hanau, 1995.

Higbie, 35

Higbie R., The Rate of Absorption of a Pure Gas Into a Still Liquid During Short Periods of Exposure, Trans. Am. Inst. Chem. Eng., 31, pp. 365-389, 1935.

Irvine, Pollack, 68

Irvine, W. M. und J. B. Pollack, Infrared Optical Properties of Water and Ice Spheres, Icarus, 8, 324, 1968.

Jähne, 80

Jähne, B., Zur Parametrisierung des Gasaustausches mit Hilfe von Laborexperimenten, Dissertation, Institut für Umweltphysik, 1980.

Jähne, 85

Jähne, B., Transfer Processes across the Free Water Surface, Habilitation, Institut für Umweltphysik, 1985.

Jähne et al.,87

Jähne, B., Münnich, K. O., Bösinger, R., Dutzi, A., Huber, W., Libner, P. On the Parameters Influencing Air-Water Gas Exchange, JGR, pp. 1937-1949, 1987.

Jähne et al.,89

Jähne, B., P. Libner, R. Fischer, T. Billen, E. J. PLate, Investigating the Transfer Processes Across the Free Aqueous Viscious Boudary Layer by the Controlled Flux Method, Tellus, 41B, pp. 177-195, 1989.

Jähne,90a

Jähne, B., From Mean Fluxes to a Detailed Experimental Investigation of the Gas Transfer Process, Proc. Air-Water Mass Transfer, Edited by C. Wilhelms and J. S. Gulliver, 1990.

Jähne,90b

Jähne, B., New Experimental Results on the Parameters Influencing Air-Sea Gas Exchange, Proc. Air-Water Mass Transfer, Edited by C. Wilhelms and J. S. Gulliver, 1990.

Jähne, 93a

Jähne, B., Digitale Bildverarbeitung, Springer Verlag, Berlin, ... , 1993.

Jähne, 93b

Jähne, B., Spatio-Temporal Image Processing, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, No.751 Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1993.

Jessup, 93a

Jessup A. T., Small Scale Variability of Infrared Sea Surface Temperature, Technical Report, 1993.

Jessup, 93b

Jessup A. T., The Infrared Signature of Breaking Waves, Symposium on the Air-Sea Interface, Marseilles, France, June 24-30, 1993.

Jessup, 95

Jessup A. T., V. Hesany, Modulation of Ocean Skin Temperature by Swell Waves, Submitted to JGR-Oceans, June 1995.

Jessup et al., 95

Jessup A. T., C. J. Zappa, V. Hesany, M. R. Loewen, M. G. Skafel, Dependence of the Skin Layer Recovery Rate on Heat Flux and Turbulence, in Air-Water Gas Transfer - Selected Papers from the Third International Symposium of Air-Water Gas Transfer, Heidelberg, ed. by B. Jähne and E. Monahan Aeon Verlag Hanau, 1995.

Jost, 60

Diffusion, Jost, W., Academic Press Inc., New York, 3rd Printing, 1960.

Kandlbinder, 94

Kandlbinder, T., Gasaustauschmessungen mit Sauerstoff, Diplomarbeit, Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, 1994.

Katsaros et al., 77

Katsaros, K. B., W. T. Liu, J. A. Businger, J. E. Tillman, Heat Transport and Thermal Structure in the Interfacial Boundary Layer Measured in an Open Tank of Water in Turbulent Free Convection, J. Fluid Mech., Vol. 83, pp. 311-335, 1977.

Katsaros, 80

Katsaros, K. B., The Aqueous Thermal Boundary Layer, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 18, pp. 107-127, 1980.

Keeling, Shertz, 92

Keeling, R. F., S. R. Shertz, Seasonal and Interannual Variations in Atmospheric Oxygen and Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle, Nature, 358, pp. 723-727, 1992.

Kinzelbach, 92

Kinzelbach, W., Numerische Methoden zur Modellierung des Transports von Schadstoffen im Grundwasser, R. Oldenburg Verlag, München, Wien, 1992.

Kittel, 89

Kittel, C., H. Krömer Physik der Wärme, R. Oldenburg Verlag, München, Wien, 1989.

Klinke, 96

Klinke, J., Dissertation, Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Heidelberg, in Vorbereitung, 1996.

Kolmogorov, 62

Kolmogorov, A. N., J. Fluid Mech., 13, 82, 1962.

Kromer, Roether, 83

Kromer, B., and W. Roether, Field Measurements of Air-Sea Gas Exchange by the Radon Deficit Method During JASIN (1978) and FGGE (1979), ''Meteor'' Forsch. Ergebnisse, A/B 24, 55-75, 1983.

Lashansky et al., 93

Lashansky, S. N., N. Ben-Yosef, A. Weitz, Simulation of Ground-Based Infrared Cloudy Sky Images, Optical Engineering, Vol. 32, June 1993, pp. 1290-1297, 1993.

Libner, 87

Libner, P., Die Konstantflu\3methode: Ein Neuartiges, Schnelles und Lokales Me\3verfahren zur Untersuchung von Austauschvorgängen an einer Luft-Wasser Phasengrenze, Dissertation, Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, 1987.

Liss, Merlivat, 86

Liss, P. S., and L. Merlivat, Air-sea gas exchange rates: Introduction and synthesis, in The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling, edited by P. Buat-Menard, pp. 113-129, Reidel, Boston, 1986.

Longuet-Higgins, 92

Longuet-Higgins, M. S., Capillary Rolers and Bores, Journal of Fluid. Mech., 194, 1992.

Longuet-Higgins, 53

Longuet-Higgins, M.S., Mass Transport in Water Waves, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., A 245(903)535-581, 1953.

McAllister, McLeish, 69

McAllister E. D., W. McLeish, Heat Transfer in the Top Millimeter of the Ocean, JGR, Vol. 74, No. 13, pp. 3408-3414, 1969.

McIntosh et al., 75

McIntosh D. A., R. L. Street, E. Y. Hsu, The Influence of Air-Water Interfacial Conditions on Turbulent Transfer of Latent and Sensible Heat, Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 12-14, 1975.

McKeown, 95

McKeown, W., Radiometric Measurement of Diffusion Zone Thickness, in Air-Water Gas Transfer - Selected Papers from the Third International Symposium of Air-Water Gas Transfer, Heidelberg, ed. by B. Jähne and E. Monahan Aeon Verlag Hanau, 1995.

Melville et al., 96

Melville, W. K., R. M. Shear, H. Hau\3ecker, B. Jähne, Measurements of the Generation and Evolution of Langmuir Circulations, Submitted to Science, 1996.

Mester

Mester, U., Temperaturstrahlung und Strahlungsthermometer, Interne Veröffentlichung der Heimann GmbH, Wiesbaden.

Merrit, 59

Merrit, T. P., F. F. Hall, Jr., Blackbody Radiation, Proceedings of the IRE, Vol. 47(2), pp. 1435-1441, 1959.

Münsterer, 93

Münsterer, T., Messung von Konzentrationsprofilen Gelöster Gase in der Wasserseitigen Grenzschicht, Diplomarbeit, Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, 1993.

Münsterer, 96

Münsterer, T., Dissertation, Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Heidelberg, in Vorbereitung, 1996.

O'Brien, 67

O'Brien, E. E., On the Flux of Heat Through Laminar Wavy Liquid Layers, J. Fluid Mech., Vol. 28, pp. 295-303, 1967.

ORIEL, 86

, Schwarzkörperstrahler und Temperaturstandards, Informationsblatt, Fa. L.O.T. ORIEL, Darmstadt, 1986.

Özisik, 89

Özisik, M. N., Boundary Value Problems of Heat Conduction, Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1989.

Peng et al., 74

Peng, T.-H., T. Takahashi, and W. S. Broecker, Surface Radon Measurements in the North Pacific Ocean Station PAPA, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 1772-1780, 1974.

Peng et al., 79

Peng, T.-H., W. S. Broecker, G. G. Mathieu, Y. H. Li, and A.E. Bainbridge, Radon Evasion Rates in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans as Determined During the GEOSECS Program, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 2471-2486, 1979.

Paulson, Simpson, 81

Paulson, C. A., J. J. Simpson The Temperature Difference Across the Cool Skin of the Ocean, JGR, Vol. 86, No. C11, pp. 11044-11054, 1981.

Rao et al., 71

Rao, K. N., R. Narasimha, M. A. Badri Narayanan, The `Bursting' Phenomenon in a Turbulent Boundary Layer, J. Fluid Mech., Vol. 48, pp. 339-352, 1971.

Reinelt, 94

Reinelt, S., Bestimmung der Transfergeschwindigkeit mittels CFT mit Wärme als Tracer, Diplomarbeit, Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, 1994.

Rennert, 87

Rennert, P., H. Schmiedel, C. Wei\3mantel, Hrsg., Kleine Enzyklopädie, Physik, Verlag Harri Deutsch, Thun, Frankfurt/M., 1987.

Saunders, 67

Saunders, P. M., Aerial Measurements of Sea Surface Temperature in the Infrared, JGR, Vol. 72, pp. 4109-4117, 1967.

Saunders, 70

Saunders, P. M., Corrections for Airborne Radiation Thermometry, JGR, Vol. 75, No. 36, pp. 7596-7601, 1970.

Schimpf, 96

Schimpf, U., Diplomarbeit, in Vorbereitung, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Universität Heidelberg, 1996.

Schlichting, 79

Schlichting, H., Boundary-layer theory, McGraw-Hill series in mechanical engineering, 1979.

Schlüssel et al., 90

Schlüssel, P., W. J. Emery, H. Grassl, T. Mammen, On the Bulk-Skin Temperature Difference and its Impact on Satellite Remote Sensing of Sea Surface Tenperature, JGR, Vol. 95, No. C8, pp. 13341-13356, August 1990.

Siegenthaler und Sarmiento, 93

Siegenthaler, U., Sarmiento, J. L., Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and the Ocean, Nature, 365, pp. 119-125, 1993.

Smethie et al., 85

Smethie, W. M., T. T. Takahashi, D. W. Chipman, and J. R. Ledwell, Gas Exchange and CO Flux in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean Determined from Rn and pCO Measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 7005-7022, 1985.

Soloviev und Schlüssel, 94

Soloviev, A. V. und P. Schlüssel, Parameterization of the Cool Skin of the Ocean and of the Air-Ozean gas Transfer on the Basis of Modelling Surface Renewal, Journal of Physical Oceanography, Vol. 24, pp. 1339-1346, 1994.

Soloviev und Schlüssel, 95

Soloviev, A. V. und P. Schlüssel, Evolution of Cool Skin and Direct Air-Sea Gas Transfer During Daytime, Submitted to: Boundary Layer Meteorology, A. Soloviev, Personal Communication, 1995.

Sotos et al., 64

Sotos, C. J. et al., Radiant Interchange View Factors and Limits of Visibility for Differential Cylindrical Surfaces with Parallel Generating Lines, National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA - Technical Notes D-2525, 1964.

Sverdrup et al., 42

Sverdrup, H. V., M. W. Johnson, R. H. Fleming, The oceans, Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J., 1942.

van Vliet et al., 95

van Vliet, P., F. Hering und B. Jähne, Delft Hydraulic's Large Wind/Wave Flume, in Air-Water Gas Transfer - Selected Papers from the Third International Symposium of Air-Water Gas Transfer, Heidelberg, ed. by B. Jähne and E. Monahan Aeon Verlag Hanau, 1995.

Wanninkhof, 92

Wanninkhof, R., Relationship Between Gas Exchange and Wind Speed Over the Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7373-7381, 1992.

Wanninkhof et al., 93

Wanninkhof, R., W. Asher, R. Weppernig, H. Chen, P. Schlosser, C. Langdon, and R. Sambrotto, Gas Transfer Experiment on Georges Bank Using two Volatile Deliberate Tracers, J. Geophys. Res., 98 (C11), 20237-20248, 1993.

Watson et al., 91

Watson, A. J., R. C. Upstill-Goddard, and P. S. Liss, Air-sea Exchange in Rough and Stormy Seas, Measured by a Dual Tracer Technique, Nature, 349, 145-147, 1991.

Wolfe, Zissis, 89

Wolfe, W. L., G. J. Zissis, The Infrared Handbook, Infrared Information Analysis (IRIA) Center, ERIM, 3rd Printing, 1989.